Additives are often added in order to make tobacco products easier to consume. They can prolong shelf life; make the smoke seem milder and easier to inhale; and give the tobacco better flavoring (chocolate, vanilla, fruit, sugar, etc). While some of these additives may appear to be quite harmless and are often found in food, when these chemicals are burned, new products of combustion are formed and these may be toxic.

Filters weren't introduced to cigarettes until the 1950s. Once medical studies began linking smoking with lung cancer, the cigarettes companies came out with filtered cigarettes to give the idea that these would make the cigarettes less harmful. Pretty soon “light” and “ultra light” cigarettes began popping up, stating that they delivered lower amounts of tar and nicotine.

Why low tar cigarettes are no safer than higher tar cigarettes

Although there is a small reduction in lung cancer risk associated with lower tar cigarettes, research suggests that any health advantages of switching to lower tar would be largely offset by the tendency of smokers to compensate for the reduction in nicotine by smoking more or inhaling more deeply¹. Also, a study by the American Cancer Society found that the use of filtered, lower tar cigarettes may actually increase the chances of a specific kind of lung cancer (adenocarcinoma).²

Tobacco smoke

Tobacco smoke contains more than 4,000 chemicals. Out of these, at least 50 are known to cause cancer. Here's a list of just a few of the chemicals found in cigarette smoke:

• Acetone - found in nail polish remover
• Acetic Acid - an ingredient in hair dye
• Ammonia - household cleaner
• Arsenic - used in rat poison
• Benzene - found in rubber cement
• Butane - used in lighter fluid
• Cadmium - an active compound in battery acid
• Carbon Monoxide - released in car exhaust fumes
• Formaldehyde - embalming fluid
• Hexamine - found in barbecue lighter fluid
• Lead - used in batteries
• Methanol - a main component in rocket fuel
• Nicotine - used as insecticide
• Tar - material for paving roads
• Toluene - used to manufacture paint³

Nicotine

Nicotine is an extremely powerful chemical found in tobacco. The 1988 Surgeon General's Report, "Nicotine Addiction" concluded that nicotine is the drug that causes tobacco addition, and that the pharmacologic and behavioral characteristics that determine tobacco addiction are similar to those that determine addition to drugs such as heroin and cocaine⁴. Nicotine only takes approximately 7 to 20 seconds to reach the brain, so it is very fast-acting. However it is important to realize that although nicotine is what causes the addiction, by itself it is relatively harmless. Although it does affect your blood pressure, arteries, and heart rate, compared with the effects of the other chemicals found in cigarettes and tobacco, it is a much safer substance. This is why people can safely and effectively use products such as nicotine patches, gum, lozenges, inhalers, and nasal sprays to help them when they are quitting smoking.