2000 Volunteer Salmon Watcher Program in the Lake Washington Watershed

Glossary

anadromous Fish that leave freshwater and migrate to the ocean to mature then return to freshwater to spawn (Williams et al. 1997).

basin The land area above a given point in a watershed whose run-off drains into a major constituent of the watershed. As applied in this report, used to refer to subbasins within the Lake Washington Watershed.

escapement That portion of an anadromous fish population that escapes the commercial and recreational fisheries and reaches the freshwater spawning grounds (Meehan 1991).

kokanee Non-anadromous sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka); lives its entire life in a freshwater lake, then returns to its native stream to spawn.

natal Pertaining to the place of birth; a natal stream refers to the stream where a juvenile salmon was hatched.

redd Nest made in gravel, consisting of a depression hydraulically dug by a fish for egg deposition (and then filled) and associated gravel mounds (Meehan 1991). Spawning salmon dig a depression in the gravel by lying on their sides and rubbing against the gravel with their sides and tail, pumping the water to move the stones. After the female deposits eggs into the depression, the male salmon fertilizes them, then the female digs another depression immediately upstream. The stones from the second depression (called the pit) move downstream to cover the incubating eggs. The pair may do this more than once, even three or four times. New redds usually look like mounds of light-colored gravel with a slight depression in the gravel just upstream of the mound.

river mile Statute mile as measured along the center line of a river; river miles are measured from the mouth in an upstream direction (e.g., RM 1.3), but can also be used as a discrete measure of distance in a river or stream (e.g., 1-3 river miles).

salmonid Fish species belonging to the Salmonidae family, which includes salmon, trout, char, and whitefish.

watershed Entire area that contributes both surface and underground water to a particular lake or river (Williams et al. 1997). As applied in this report, used to refer to the Lake Washington Watershed: all waters draining through the Ballard Locks.

References

Brannon, E.L., and E.O. Salo, editors. 1982. Proceedings, salmon and trout migratory behavior symposium. University of Washington, College of Fisheries, Seattle. Lynch, K. 2001. Personal communication. Seattle Public Utilities, City of Seattle, WA. Meehan, W.R., ed. 1991. Influences of forest and rangeland management on salmonid fishes and their habitats. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 19.Ostergaard, Elissa. 1998. 1996 Salmon spawning surveys in the Lake Washington Watershed; results of the 1996 salmon spawning survey program and kokanee spawner survey program. King County Department of Natural Resources, Seattle, WA.Reed, L. 2001. Personal communication. Seattle Public Utilities, City of Seattle, WA.Vanderhoof, J. 2000. 1998 and 1999 volunteer salmon watcher program in the Lake Washington Watershed. King County Department of Natural Resources, Seattle, WA.Vanderhoof, J., E. Ostergaard, and D. Gleisner. 2000. 1997 volunteer salmon watcher program in the Lake Washington Watershed. King County Department of Natural Resources, Seattle, WA.Williams, R.W., R.M. Laramie, and J.J. Ames. 1975. A Catalog of Washington Streams and Salmon Utilization, Volume 1, Puget Sound. Washington Department of Fisheries, Olympia, WA.

Williams, J.E., C.A. Wood, and M.P. Dombeck, eds. 1997. Watershed restoration: principles and practices. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, MD.

This program is conducted in cooperation with the King County Water and Land Resources Division, Bellevue Stream Team, Redmond Stream Team, and the cities of Seattle, Bothell, Kirkland, Renton, Woodinville, and the Vashon-Maury Island Land Trust, with support from the King Conservation District.